Number Theory

The branch of mathematics devoted to the study of integers and integer-valued functions. Often called the "queen of mathematics," number theory explores prime numbers, Diophantine equations, modular arithmetic, and the deep structural properties of counting numbers.

📄 1,247 Articles 👥 89 Contributors 🕒 Updated: Oct 24, 2024
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The Goldbach Conjecture: State of the Art

An in-depth exploration of one of mathematics' oldest unsolved problems, including Chen's theorem, modern sieve methods, and computational verification up to 4×10¹⁸.

Prime Number Theorem & Asymptotic Distribution

How Legendre, Gauss, and Hadamard unlocked the density of primes. Covers the logarithmic integral, error terms, and connections to complex analysis.

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Pell's Equation & Continued Fractions

Solving x² - Dy² = 1 through convergents of √D. Historical context from Bhāskara II to Lagrange, with algorithmic approaches and Python implementations.

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Modular Forms & Fermat's Last Theorem

The bridge between number theory and geometry. Explores the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, elliptic curves, and Wiles' groundbreaking proof strategy.

Quadratic Reciprocity: The Magnificent Theorem

Euler's discovery, Gauss's six proofs, and why it remains a cornerstone of elementary number theory. Includes visual proofs and modern generalizations.

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The Riemann Zeta Function & Critical Line

From Euler's product formula to the analytic continuation. Examines the critical strip, trivial vs non-trivial zeros, and implications for prime distribution.