High-Level Architecture

CloudNexus operates on a globally distributed, multi-region active-active architecture. The platform separates the control plane (configuration, orchestration, billing) from the data plane (compute, storage, network traffic) to ensure fault isolation and horizontal scalability.

All customer traffic enters through our edge network, is routed via anycast BGP, and distributed across regional clusters. Each region operates as an independent failure domain with synchronous replication for metadata and asynchronous replication for bulk data.

Edge Network
🌐
Anycast DNS
🛡️
WAF / DDoS
⚡
Global Load Balancer
Compute Tier
📦
App Clusters (K8s)
🔄
Auto-Scaler
📊
Service Mesh
Data Tier
🗄️
Managed SQL
⚡
Redis Cache
💾
Object Storage
📈
Time-Series DB
Control Plane
🔐
IAM / RBAC
📡
API Gateway
🔍
Audit Logs

Component Breakdown

Click each tab to explore the technical specifications, scaling behavior, and failure modes of each architectural layer.

Anycast Routing

All edge endpoints advertise the same IP prefixes from 50+ PoPs. BGP selects the topologically closest node. Health checks rotate traffic in <15ms on failure.

  • Protocol BGP4 / RFC 4271
  • Convergence Time < 200ms
  • Geographic Coverage 52 Regions

Web Application Firewall

Layer 7 inspection engine with OWASP Top 10 coverage, custom rule support, and AI-assisted threat classification. Processes 12M+ req/s per edge cluster.

  • Rule Engine Rust-based
  • Throughput 12.4 Mreq/s
  • Custom Rules WAF Expressions

Global Load Balancer

Intelligent traffic routing using latency, health status, and custom routing policies. Supports weighted round-robin, least-connections, and geo-routing.

  • Routing Algorithm Latency + Health
  • Session Persistence Cookie / IP Hash
  • SSL Termination TLS 1.3

Kubernetes Orchestration

Customer workloads run on hardened K8s clusters with custom CNI (CloudNexus Network Interface), eBPF-based observability, and isolated tenant namespaces.

  • Orchestrator K8s 1.28+
  • Scheduler Topology-aware
  • Isolation gVisor / Kata

Auto-Scaling Engine

Predictive scaling using historical metrics + real-time queue depth. Supports HPA, VPA, and KEDA for event-driven workloads.

  • Scale-Up Latency ~8s
  • Scale-Down Delay Configurable
  • Metrics Source Prometheus / KPI

Managed Databases

Multi-AZ PostgreSQL/MySQL with synchronous replication. Point-in-time recovery via continuous WAL archiving. Read replicas scale independently.

  • Replication Synchronous (Primary)
  • RPO / RTO 0 / < 30s
  • Storage IOPS Up to 50k

Object Storage & Cache

S3-compatible distributed object storage with erasure coding. Redis cluster supports active-active geo-replication with read-your-writes consistency.

  • Durability 11 9s (99.999999999%)
  • Cache Protocol RESP3 / Redis 7
  • Consistency Eventual / Strong

Identity & Access

Zero-trust IAM with fine-grained RBAC, SCIM provisioning, and hardware-backed key management. All API calls require signed JWTs.

Configuration Store

Raft-based distributed key-value store for cluster state, DNS records, and feature flags. Strong consistency across control plane nodes.

Audit & Compliance

Immutable event logging with cryptographic chaining. Export to S3/Splunk/Datadog. SOC2 Type II, ISO 27001, and HIPAA ready.

Networking & Topology

CloudNexus uses a flat overlay network with VXLAN encapsulation for tenant isolation. Inter-region traffic traverses private fiber backbones, avoiding public internet latency. All control traffic is separated from data traffic via dedicated VRFs.

region "us-east-1" { availability_zones = ["az-1", "az-2", "az-3"] private_interconnect = "100Gbps fiber" dns_propagation = "< 50ms" # Cross-region sync replication_mode = "asynchronous-mirror" failover_trigger = "health-check-3x-fail" }

Latency Optimization

TC-Pacing, BBRv2 congestion control, and kernel bypass networking (DPDK) ensure sub-10ms internal latency. Edge-to-core routing uses optimized path selection algorithms.

Tenant Isolation

VXLAN + MACsec for encrypted, isolated overlay networks. Each tenant receives dedicated VRFs and security groups. Cross-tenant traffic is strictly blocked at L3.

High Availability & Disaster Recovery

Every critical service runs across minimum 3 availability zones with automatic failover. Region-level disaster recovery uses asynchronous replication with configurable RPO/RTO targets.

Active-Active Regions

Global routing automatically shifts traffic based on latency, load, and health. No manual intervention required during partial failures.

Auto-Healing

Data Replication

PostgreSQL: Synchronous within AZ, Async cross-region. Object Storage: Erasure coding (4+2 parity). Redis: Active-Active with conflict resolution.

Zero Data Loss (Intra-Region)

Chaos Engineering

Weekly automated fault injection tests network partitions, node failures, and disk latency spikes. All services pass 15-minute failover SLAs.

Continuous Validation

Security Architecture

Built on zero-trust principles. Every request is authenticated, authorized, and encrypted. Hardware security modules (HSM) protect root keys, while runtime protection monitors container behavior.

Encryption Lifecycle

  • In Transit TLS 1.3 / CHACHA20
  • At Rest AES-256-GCM
  • Key Management AWS KMS / HSM
  • Key Rotation 90-day automated

Runtime Protection

  • Container Runtime gVisor + Falco
  • Image Scanning Trivy + Snyk
  • Policy Engine OPA / Gatekeeper
  • Network Policies Cilium + eBPF

APIs & Integrations

All infrastructure operations are exposed via REST/gRPC APIs. Terraform provider, Kubernetes operator, and webhooks enable CI/CD and GitOps workflows.

# Provision a new cluster via CLI $ cloudnexus cluster create \ --name prod-us-east \ --region us-east-1 \ --node-pool c5.2xlarge:6 \ --vpc-id vpc-0a1b2c3d \ --tags env=prod,team=platform Response: { "cluster_id": "cl_8x7y6z5w4v", "status": "provisioning", "api_endpoint": "https://k8s.us-east.cnx.io:6443", "estimated_ready": "~45s" }

REST / gRPC

Versioned APIs (v1, v2) with consistent error codes, pagination, and idempotency keys. SDKs for Go, Python, Node.js.

IaC Providers

Official Terraform provider, Pulumi support, and Crossplane controllers. Stateful operations require explicit confirmation.

Webhooks & Events

SQS-compatible event streams for lifecycle events, scaling actions, and security alerts. Retry logic with exponential backoff.