Rigveda
One of the oldest known texts in any Indo-European language, comprising 1,028 hymns dedicated to various deities. Foundational to Vedic religion and Hindu philosophy.
Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)
The canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, divided into Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim. Central to Judaism and foundational for Christianity and Islam.
Tao Te Ching
Attributed to Laozi, this foundational Daoist text explores wu wei, natural harmony, and the ineffable Tao through 81 concise, poetic chapters.
The Quran
The central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to Prophet Muhammad. Comprises 114 surahs.
Dhammapada
A collection of the Buddha's sayings in verse, organized by theme. One of the most widely read Buddhist texts, focusing on ethics, mindfulness, and liberation.
Book of the Dead
Ancient Egyptian funerary text containing spells and guidance for the afterlife journey. Composed over 1,000 years, reflecting evolving beliefs about judgment and rebirth.
The Republic
Plato's seminal work on justice, the ideal state, and the philosopher-king. Features Socratic dialogues exploring the nature of reality, education, and the soul.
Bhagavad Gita
A 700-verse Hindu scripture set within the Mahabharata. Explores duty, devotion, karma, and the path to spiritual liberation through dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna.